How HPV is transmitted and methods of infection

On earth, about 80% of the population is infected with the human papillomavirus virus. Because, because of HPV infection, not only can benign papillomas appear on the body, but also genital warts, as well as outbreaks that can deteriorate malignantly, it is very important to knowhow HPV is transmitted. This knowledge may help a person avoid infection and protect themselves from dangerous diseases such as cancer of the uterine cervix, vulva, vagina, anal passage, penis and even the breast. In the article we will tell you about HPV: how it is transmitted, risk factors and preventive measures.

How is human papillomavirus transmitted?

First, it should be said that papilloma is transmitted through the epidermis and saliva. In this case, for a while the infection may not feel itself and manifest itself through the formation of genital warts and papillomas only with a decrease in immunity.

If we talk about how the papilloma virus is transmitted, then the likelihood of infection increases significantly if there are injuries, scratches and abrasions on the skin.

Pay attention!Many people wonder if papilloma is inherited. The answer is no. Only when a family member becomes infected is the papilloma virus transmitted in daily life or from the mother to the baby during childbirth.

The following ways of transmitting viral infection from person to person are known:

1. It is transmitted through everyday life, that is, through contact, common household items, clothing. Infection can be transmitted through kissing.
2. If a person has genital papillomas, it may be sexually transmitted, that is, during unprotected sex.
3. Self-infection can occur during shaving, epilation and other skin damage. Because the papilloma is contagious to the surrounding healthy skin cells, a person can himself transfer the virus from infected parts of the body to healthy ones.
4. The vertical method of infection is the transmission of the infection from the mother to the baby during birth.
5. Much less often, infection occurs during transfusion, during surgery to remove neoplasms caused by HPV. Also, infection is not excluded in beauty salons, manicure rooms, baths, saunas and swimming pools, where asepsis rules are neglected.

If we talk about how you can get papilloma, then in 70% of cases of sexually transmitted infections, the culprit is a man. In the presence of an epithelial neoplasm of the lips or genitals, the probability of infection is almost 90%. It should also be remembered that the presence of a condom, while reducing the risk of infection, does not guarantee 100% protection, since HPV can pass through microcracks on the skin of the hands and in other parts of the body. Moreover, condylomas can be localized in the groin or pubic region, where a condom does not protect against direct contact with a partner.

Important!If one of the partners is a carrier of the virus, but does not have papillomas, warts or genital warts, the risk of the other party becoming infected is significantly reduced.

If you list all the ways you can become infected with papillomavirus virus in newborns, then infection in the prenatal period is unlikely, since the virus does not enter the bloodstream and thefetus is reliably protected by amniotic fluid, bladder and placenta. In medical practice, however, rare cases of intrauterine infection with damage to the placenta and fetal bladder have been recorded.

For women who are planning a pregnancy, it is very important to find out if the father of the child is contagious and whether the infection can be transmitted to the expectant mother, since genital warts arewhich is seen during pregnancy is very dangerous for the baby. In the case of infection of the child during childbirth, there is a threat of subsequent laryngeal papillomatosis and asthma. Because the infection is transmitted through saliva, it is important to take into account the presence of papillomas, warts and warts in the mouth of the man and the mucous membranes in the oral cavity in men, because a woman may be infected withoral sex.

If a family member has papilloma, how it is transmitted in everyday life, it is important for all family members to know:

• through shared bedding, towels, soap, cosmetics, laundry and other personal items, the virus can enter microtrauma on the skin;
Saliva infection
• can be used using a toothbrush, glasses or other tools;
Infection
• through clothing and other household items is also possible.

Risk Factors

We have figured out how you can become infected with the human papillomavirus virus, but it is equally important to know not only the transmission routes, but also the risk factors for infection with the papillomavirus virus.

Thus, human papillomavirus enters the skin and mucous membranes much more easily against the background of the following stimulatory factors:

1. In men, children and women, the infection is more likely to be against the background of reduced immunity. A common cold or sore throat can contribute to this.

2. The risk of contracting HPV increases when the intestinal or vaginal microflora is disrupted. In the first case, general immunity suffers, in the second case, the body's local defenses decrease, and the likelihood of contracting sexually increases.
3. The genital tract of the infection often causes infection against the background of other sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis).
4. Any mode of transmission can be dangerous for a person given the background of the chronic disease is exacerbated, when the disease weakens the body.
There is no doubt that papillomas are contagious. The virus can easily enter from the host into the cells of a healthy person if its defenses weaken stress, loss of energy, overwork or depression.

Important!Any viruses are easier to transmit to men and women with bad habits (smoking, alcohol). The risk of infection is also significantly increased in women who take combined contraceptives.

The following conditions and diseases are predictable factors in the sexual transmission of the virus:

• earlier onset of sexual activity;
prostitution
• ;
• frequent change of sexual partners;
• promiscuous sex life;
• history of sexually transmitted diseases;
The age of
• is ​​over 35;
• pathology of the cervix;
• says lack of immunity.

Cosc

We have determined how the human papillomavirus is transmitted (women, men and children), it remains to be considered preventive measures. It should be said right away that the most effective way to not get an infection is preventative vaccination. To date, two types of vaccines are known about this infection. They protect against the most dangerous oncogenic episodes of viral infection. However, the high effectiveness of this protection is only noticed with vaccination at a very young age, before sexual intercourse or before infection with one of the HPV types.

As for other methods of prevention, no one violated the rules of hygiene, condom use, choosy sex life and rejection of bad habits. It is useful to maintain the strength of the immune system: eat right, mood, exercise, walk in the fresh air, drink vitamins periodically.